Modify config files with sed in bash

I am trying to set net.ipv4.ip_forward to 1 in /etc/sysctl.conf.The following works fine but it sure missing some edge cases

#Enable IP packet forwarding so that our VPN traffic can pass through.
sed -i 's/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/g' /etc/sysctl.conf 
sed -i 's/#net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/g' /etc/sysctl.conf 
grep -qF "net.ipv4.ip_forward" /etc/sysctl.conf  || echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf 

For e.g if the sysctl.conf contain any one of the following it won’t match

#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

##net.ipv4.ip_forward=1.

Is there a more reliable way to modify settings in config files ?

Answer

You can use the -r switch to enable Extended Regular Expressions(ERE) in GNU sed and optionally match the white-space and the # occurence with the regex ? optional item anchor,

sed -ir 's/#{1,}?net.ipv4.ip_forward ?= ?(0|1)/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/g' /etc/sysctl.conf

This will match for any of the below input lines and modify it with the replacement part net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
#net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
##net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
##net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
#net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
##net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

See the RegEx Demo for more clarity.