So, I am using Arduino-Makefile (https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile) and trying to program a 5V 16MHz Sparkfun Pro Micro (https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12640).
I am using the versions of the Arduino libraries and Arduino-Makefile in the repository of the Linux distro I am using (Linux Mint 17.2). These versions are 1.0.5 and 1.3.1 respectively.
My file structure looks like this:
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<project-root>/ sparkfun/ Sparkfun Arduino Addon Files (https://github.com/sparkfun/SF32u4_boards/) src/ Makefile test.inoMy test.ino is taken directly from here: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/pro-micro–fio-v3-hookup-guide#example-1-blinkies and looks like this:
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/* Pro Micro Test Code by: Nathan Seidle modified by: Jim Lindblom SparkFun Electronics date: September 16, 2013 license: Public Domain - please use this code however you'd like. It's provided as a learning tool. This code is provided to show how to control the SparkFun ProMicro's TX and RX LEDs within a sketch. It also serves to explain the difference between Serial.print() and Serial1.print().*/int RXLED = 17; // The RX LED has a defined Arduino pin// The TX LED was not so lucky, we'll need to use pre-defined// macros (TXLED1, TXLED0) to control that.// (We could use the same macros for the RX LED too -- RXLED1,// and RXLED0.)void setup(){ pinMode(RXLED, OUTPUT); // Set RX LED as an output // TX LED is set as an output behind the scenes Serial.begin(9600); //This pipes to the serial monitor Serial1.begin(9600); //This is the UART, pipes to sensors attached to board}void loop(){ Serial.println("Hello world"); // Print "Hello World" to the Serial Monitor Serial1.println("Hello!"); // Print "Hello!" over hardware UART digitalWrite(RXLED, LOW); // set the LED on TXLED0; //TX LED is not tied to a normally controlled pin delay(1000); // wait for a second digitalWrite(RXLED, HIGH); // set the LED off TXLED1; delay(1000); // wait for a second}My Makefile, which is very short yet embarrassingly messy, looks like this:
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MONITOR_PORT = /dev/ttyACM0CPPFLAGS += -std=c++11 -I$(realpath ../sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro) -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381# --- sparkfun pro microBOARD_TAG = promicro16ALTERNATE_CORE = $(realpath ../sparkfun/avr)ARDUINO_VAR_PATH = $(realpath ../sparkfun/avr/bootloaders)BOARDS_TXT = $(realpath ../sparkfun/avr/boards.txt)BOOTLOADER_PARENT = $(realpath ../sparkfun/avr/bootloaders)BOOTLOADER_PATH = caterinaBOOTLOADER_FILE = Caterina-promicro16.hexISP_PROG = usbaspUSER_LIB_PATH := $(realpath ../lib)include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mkEverything builds fine, but the programmer complains when I try a make upload. The Pro Micro is /dev/ttyACM0, which I have confirmed by doing an ls /dev/tty* with the device both plugged in and not plugged in and comparing the outputs.
Here is the result of a straight up make:
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-------------------------Arduino.mk Configuration:- [AUTODETECTED] CURRENT_OS = LINUX - [COMPUTED] ARDMK_DIR = /usr/share/arduino (relative to Common.mk)- [AUTODETECTED] ARDUINO_DIR = /usr/share/arduino - [AUTODETECTED] ARDUINO_VERSION = 105 - [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK = /home/kota/sketchbook - [BUNDLED] AVR_TOOLS_DIR = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr (in Arduino distribution)- [COMPUTED] ARDUINO_LIB_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/libraries (from ARDUINO_DIR)- [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_CORE_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino - [USER] ALTERNATE_CORE = /home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr - [COMPUTED] ALTERNATE_CORE_PATH = /home/kota/sketchbook/hardware//home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr (from ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK and ALTERNATE_CORE)- [DEFAULT] USER_LIB_PATH = /home/kota/sketchbook/libraries (in user sketchbook)- [USER] BOARD_TAG = promicro16 - [COMPUTED] OBJDIR = build-promicro16 (from BOARD_TAG)- [ASSUMED] MONITOR_BAUDRATE = 9600 - [DEFAULT] OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = s - [DEFAULT] MCU_FLAG_NAME = mmcu - [DEFAULT] CFLAGS_STD = -std=gnu99 - [AUTODETECTED] Size utility: AVR-aware for enhanced output- [USER] BOOTLOADER_PARENT = /home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders -------------------------mkdir -p build-promicro16/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -x c++ -include Arduino.h -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions tinyimu.ino -o build-promicro16/tinyimu.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-gcc -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/WInterrupts.c -o build-promicro16/WInterrupts.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-gcc -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/wiring_analog.c -o build-promicro16/wiring_analog.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-gcc -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/wiring.c -o build-promicro16/wiring.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-gcc -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/wiring_digital.c -o build-promicro16/wiring_digital.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-gcc -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/wiring_pulse.c -o build-promicro16/wiring_pulse.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-gcc -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/wiring_shift.c -o build-promicro16/wiring_shift.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/CDC.cpp -o build-promicro16/CDC.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/HardwareSerial.cpp -o build-promicro16/HardwareSerial.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/HID.cpp -o build-promicro16/HID.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/IPAddress.cpp -o build-promicro16/IPAddress.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/main.cpp -o build-promicro16/main.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/new.cpp -o build-promicro16/new.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/Print.cpp -o build-promicro16/Print.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/Stream.cpp -o build-promicro16/Stream.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/Tone.cpp -o build-promicro16/Tone.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/USBCore.cpp -o build-promicro16/USBCore.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/WMath.cpp -o build-promicro16/WMath.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -std=c++11 -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/variants/promicro -w -DUSB_VID=6991 -DUSB_PID=37381 -mmcu=atmega32u4 -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders/promicro -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/WString.cpp -o build-promicro16/WString.o/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-ar rcs build-promicro16/libcore.a build-promicro16/WInterrupts.o build-promicro16/wiring_analog.o build-promicro16/wiring.o build-promicro16/wiring_digital.o build-promicro16/wiring_pulse.o build-promicro16/wiring_shift.o build-promicro16/CDC.o build-promicro16/HardwareSerial.o build-promicro16/HID.o build-promicro16/IPAddress.o build-promicro16/main.o build-promicro16/new.o build-promicro16/Print.o build-promicro16/Stream.o build-promicro16/Tone.o build-promicro16/USBCore.o build-promicro16/WMath.o build-promicro16/WString.o /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega32u4 -Wl,--gc-sections -Os -o build-promicro16/src.elf build-promicro16/tinyimu.o build-promicro16/libcore.a -lc -lm/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-objcopy -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex build-promicro16/src.elf build-promicro16/src.eep/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-objcopy: --change-section-lma .eeprom=0x0000000000000000 never used/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-objcopy -O ihex -R .eeprom build-promicro16/src.elf build-promicro16/src.hex/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-size --mcu=atmega32u4 -C --format=avr build-promicro16/src.elfAVR Memory Usage----------------Device: atmega32u4Program: 4808 bytes (14.7% Full)(.text + .data + .bootloader)Data: 163 bytes (6.4% Full)(.data + .bss + .noinit)and the output of make upload:
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-------------------------Arduino.mk Configuration:- [AUTODETECTED] CURRENT_OS = LINUX - [COMPUTED] ARDMK_DIR = /usr/share/arduino (relative to Common.mk)- [AUTODETECTED] ARDUINO_DIR = /usr/share/arduino - [AUTODETECTED] ARDUINO_VERSION = 105 - [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK = /home/kota/sketchbook - [BUNDLED] AVR_TOOLS_DIR = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr (in Arduino distribution)- [COMPUTED] ARDUINO_LIB_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/libraries (from ARDUINO_DIR)- [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_CORE_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino - [USER] ALTERNATE_CORE = /home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr - [COMPUTED] ALTERNATE_CORE_PATH = /home/kota/sketchbook/hardware//home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr (from ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK and ALTERNATE_CORE)- [DEFAULT] USER_LIB_PATH = /home/kota/sketchbook/libraries (in user sketchbook)- [USER] BOARD_TAG = promicro16 - [COMPUTED] OBJDIR = build-promicro16 (from BOARD_TAG)- [ASSUMED] MONITOR_BAUDRATE = 9600 - [DEFAULT] OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = s - [DEFAULT] MCU_FLAG_NAME = mmcu - [DEFAULT] CFLAGS_STD = -std=gnu99 - [AUTODETECTED] Size utility: AVR-aware for enhanced output- [USER] BOOTLOADER_PARENT = /home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/sparkfun/avr/bootloaders -------------------------make resetmake[1]: Entering directory `/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/src'/usr/bin/ard-reset-arduino /dev/ttyACM0make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/src'make do_uploadmake[1]: Entering directory `/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/src'/usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/../avrdude -q -V -D -p atmega32u4 -C /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/../avrdude.conf -c avr109 -b 57600 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w:build-promicro16/src.hex:iConnecting to programmer: .avrdude: butterfly_recv(): programmer is not respondingmake[1]: *** [do_upload] Error 1make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/kota/Projects/tinyIMU/arduino/src'make: *** [upload] Error 2Now, because of the error, I figure it’s something wrong with my configuration of the bootloader, but I am unsure. Maybe the programmer setting is wrong? I would appreciate any help! 🙂
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Answer
Here’s what worked for me.
First, go to the hardware folder in your Arduino sketchbook or create it if it does not exist. Then extract the sparkfun addon files into the hardware folder. Your directory structure should look something like this:$SKETCHBOOK_DIR/hardware/sparkfun/avr/.
Then in your project directory use this makefile:
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BOARD_TAG = promicro16ALTERNATE_CORE = sparkfunARDUINO_DIR = /usr/share/arduinoinclude $(ARDUINO_DIR)/Arduino.mkupload2: avrdude -p atmega32u4 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -c avr109 -U flash:w:build-$(BOARD_TAG)/$(TARGET).hexThen you should be able to run make and make upload. However, if your code does something that disables or overrides the default USB behaviour on the pro-micro, then Arduino-mk will not be able to reset the pro-micro into bootloader mode over USB. Instead short the GND and RESET pins twice to get into bootloader mode. Then make upload2 flash the pro-micro (Note: the pro-micro only stays in bootloader mode for 8 seconds).